1.What is a harmonic reducer gearbox?
A harmonic reducer gearbox is a type of gear system characterized by its compact structure and ability to deliver high torque. It operates based on the principle of elastic deformation to achieve speed reduction and torque amplification, making it suitable for precision machinery and robotic applications. Due to its small size and stable performance, the harmonic drive speed reducer is commonly used in systems where space is limited but high mechanical output is required.
2.Components and working principle
1.Wave generator: A component, often an oval-shaped hub with a bearing, that is the input to the gear set. Its rotation creates a wave-like motion.
2.Flexspline: A cup-shaped, flexible component with external teeth on its rim. The wave generator's motion forces it to deform, creating a wave shape. The output shaft is attached to its base.
3.Circular spline: A rigid, outer ring with internal teeth. The flexspline's teeth engage with the circular spline's teeth at two points, which are opposite each other. The circular spline typically has more teeth than the flexspline to achieve the reduction ratio.
4.Operation: The wave generator rotates, causing the flexspline to deform and mesh with the circular spline. Because the flexspline is elastic and the circular spline is rigid, the flexspline's teeth slide along the circular spline's teeth, resulting in a high-reduction gear ratio and a continuous, backlash-free motion.
3.The importance of harmonic reducer gearbox
1.The harmonic drive gear ratio is large:Single-stage harmonic gearing transmission speed ratio range from 70 to 320, in some devices, can reach 1000, and multi-stage transmission speed ratio up to 30,000 or more.
2.It has a high load-bearing capacity:This is because the number of teeth engaged at the same time in the harmonic gearing transmission, the number of teeth engaged at the same time in the double-wave transmission can reach more than 30% of the total number of teeth, and the flexible wheel is made of high-strength materials, and the teeth and teeth are in contact with each other.
3.High precision harmonic transmission:Because the number of teeth meshed at the same time in the harmonic gear transmission, the error is averaged out, so that multiple teeth meshing has a mutual compensation effect on the error, and the transmission accuracy is high.
4.Harmonic drive gearbox has high efficiency and smooth motion:Since the teeth of the flex wheel make uniform radial movement during transmission, the relative slip speed of the teeth is still extremely low even if the input speed is high. Therefore, the wear of wheel teeth is small and the efficiency is high (up to 69%~96%).
5.The structure of the harmonic drive is simple, the number of parts is small, and it is easy to install:There are only three basic components, and the input and output shafts are coaxial, so the structure is simple and easy to install.
6.It is small in size and light in weight:Compared with a general reducer, the volume of the harmonic gear reducer can be reduced by 2/3 and the weight by 1/2 when the output torque is the same.
7.Harmonic gearing can transmit motion to confined space:Using the flexible characteristics of the flexible wheel, the wheel transmission is incomparable to other transmissions.
4.Selection methods of harmonic reducer gearbox
1.Reduction ratio, torque, and speed: Select a reduction ratio that meets your needs, keeping in mind that a higher ratio generally results in more output torque but less speed. Calculate the required output torque and choose a reducer that can withstand it.
2.Precision (Backlash): For applications requiring high precision, such as robotic arms, choose a model with low backlash to improve positioning accuracy.
3.Load capacity: Ensure the reducer's load capacity is sufficient for your application to prevent premature failure.
4.Environmental adaptability: Select a reducer with appropriate materials and a suitable protection rating for your working environment, considering factors like temperature, humidity, or corrosive conditions.
5.Installation space: Choose a reducer with an appropriate physical size to fit within the constraints of your installation.
6.Lifespan and reliability: Consider the rated and average lifetime of the reducer. Choosing well-known brands and products with a proven track record can ensure long-term reliability.
7.Efficiency and maintenance: Be aware of the transmission efficiency, as a lower efficiency can lead to higher energy consumption and heat generation. Consider the maintenance requirements and costs over the expected lifespan.
8.Manufacturer reputation: Evaluate the manufacturer's reputation and after-sales service, as this can be a guarantee for quality and support.
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